Low life expectancy free essay sample

Today’s world is about speed. Each and every procedure is considered and modified to be as fast as could reasonably be expected, with ideal productivity. We are right now seeing a basic change of the general public that we can qualify as a robotisation, basically in the developped nations. That could be valuable for certain nations, in certain fields, for certain individuals. However, we as a whole ought to know that there are people that can't follow this progression. Truth be told, this new procedure is including a more extensive hole between developped nations and the least developped nations concerning future. Future is a normal number of year given to an individual at his introduction to the world relying upon the nation he was conceived in, and it is a factor characterizing the wellbeing of a nation. Sicknesses, war, starvation, demise rates in a single hand, national financial thriving, standard instruction and performant human services in the other hand, there are numerous components influencing the future in every nation, aggravating it better or. We will compose a custom article test on Miscreant anticipation or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Individuals will in general have. a more extended. life in western nations like Israel where the normal anticipation life is 81 years of age, rather than Zimbabwe, where the normal hope life is 52 years of age (CIA, 2012). This article will survey two answers for maggot hope in the developping scene. In the first place, the. advancement and improvement of the social insurance framework and foundation, at that point the advancement of suitable training projects to teach and instruct the number of inhabitants in those underdeveloped nations. The nations where future is low are nation where demise rates are high. These passing rates are brought about by further realities as war, ailments, pandemics and flare-ups so we can see that social insurance framework and foundation are imperative to keep up the populace in a decent shape. The distinction among developped and developping nations concerning this issue has consistently been the affordable issues. Developping nations, so as to improve their circumstance, must build up plans wich will structure a proficient government financial plan, anyway on account of their low or low GDP, this spending plan could be very close in regards to. medicinal services and foundations devoted to that issue. For instance in UK, the spending plan committed to human services speaks to eleven percent of the GDP, while Angola utilizes just 2% of open consumption (WHO,2005). Because of such a low financial plan committed to Healthcare, developping nations can't give effective medicines and qualified clinical staff to their residents. The main answer for that issue for developping coutries is to build their medicinal services financial plan and spot the service of wellbeing upper in their needs. Expanding the expense rates on high pay individuals would raise the financial plan and marginally rise the spending plan by 2% in the Gross Domestic Product. Government ought to aso chip away at the medication costs and client charges to make it progressively moderate , and control the equal market to forestall financial misfortunes. A reasonnable and proficient utilization of ressources ought to suggest a harmony in the third world economies and make them top off their financial plan. That would make the coutry qualified for a monetary assistance from the world bank, the african advancement Bank or the IMF. Development of new emergency clinics and acquisition of medications would then be potential viewpoints. In addition, the legislatures should concentrate on steady private social insurance and presentation of a medical coverage that would assist individuals with keeping their cash and still get effective medicines. Improving social insurance everywhere throughout the world and particularly in the developping coutries is really one of the most pertinent issues of the 21rst century. The second piece of the article centers around the instructive sort of treatment that individuals in the developping coutries ought to get so as to teach them to the new innovations that they will confront, the new offices that tey will utilize. Instruction will likewise permit the clinical staff to gracefully the information and administrations that individuals are anticipating. What's more, training will improve people groups circumstance, working in better places and not being in contact with illnesses and microscopic organisms. They will win more cash and that is improving the circumstance of the nation too, by expanding the GDP. We can say that ducation is at the begining of the chain that will carry a nation to thriving. So as to improve the clinical medicines quality, the service of instruction ought to arrange preparing programs and. courses for the. clinical body (WHO, 2000). In a nearby cooperation with the service of Health and a few affiliations, the Ministry of training ought to advance hygenie among elementary schools, secondary schools, colleges and other instructive foundations through introductions, or meetings with clinical bodies or even commercial. The nearby affiliations ought to be additionally bolstered and anticipation ought to happen mor frequently. Give cleanser a possibility! (wash hands, 2012) is a trademark utilized by NHS in the UK, a world driving nation as far as wellbeing. Attention to youngsters related with logical information and avoidance activities would be an extraordinary sterile improve and could prompt a rie in the future ascent. As per the past truisms, we can say that future could be very much improved by chipping away at how to deal with the spending plan to improve the sterile framework, and improving the instructive framework that will in a manner rise the consciousness of individuals concerning social insurance and science. Regardless of whether we concentrated on two parts of miscreant anticipation arrangements, we should make reference to that starvation, war and catastrophic events are likewise gives that legislatures should deal with.

Discussion & Interpretation of an International Issue or Event during Essay

Conversation and Interpretation of an International Issue or Event during the Cold War - Essay Example Then again Realist or traditional pragmatist IR researchers and experts underscored after being refreshed with the cutting edge military and monetary force answerable for the conviction that misused the current issues takes steps to thwart every single imaginable future. Socialism is another universalistic arrangement of imagined that offered Americans an approach to feel themselves attached to the bigger world (Klein, 2003, p. 30). In the contention among progressive and pragmatists researchers, IR was chosen to destiny upon the ‘Realism’ where political quality through World War II left not only a solitary force vacuum in that piece of the world, as in Europe, however a few different parts too. Japan’s rout devastated a domain that had commanded upper east Asia for quite a long time. The ascent of China during cold war was trailed by the debilitating guideline of Nationalist government and fortified its long-term Communist adversaries, setting up the route for reestablished and strengthened common clash. Somewhere else Japanese triumphs subverted the authority of European provincial systems, empowering autonomy developments on the Indian subcontinent and in Southeast Asia (Gaddis, 1998, p. 55). The Cold War arrangements let the Chinese to solidify Cold War arrangements through decisions they themselves made. The European example had been one of the Soviet Union impressive its power and the United States being welcome to react, in China the circumstance was switched. The Chinese individuals decided to move their faithfulness from the Nationalists to the Communists, consequently Mao’s extraordinary triumph in 1949. The Mao’s incredible government, both for ideological reasons and on the grounds that it dreaded an American assault, looked for China’s fuse inside a Soviet effective reach. By 1950, a central move to be determined of intensity had occurred where about overnight the socialist world showed up nearly to have multiplied its degree. Pragmatist way of thinking have consistently prevailing with regards to seeming plainly obvious, for

Before Writing Your Résumé, Read This

Before Writing Your Résumé, Read This If youre in need of a new résumé (or maybe even a first résumé), the challenge can be overwhelming. For every ten articles you read online about how to write a résumé, you might run across ten different opinions on the best way to do it. However, there are a few basic concepts to keep in mind as you are working on your résumé, and thats what we want to cover here.Résumé typeFirst, lets cover the type of résumé you need to focus on writing. The traditional, chronological résumé details the jobs youve had, from the most recent backward. Alternately, the skills-based résumé focuses on skills picked up from schooling, jobs, and other areas of life. Knowing which one to use is important when writing your first résumé. Since the traditional and skills-based résumés are the most common, well focus on these in this article.Deciding which to useA traditional résumé is best used when there has been consistent, long-term employment. What that means is that youve had no gap s in employment of more than a month and the jobs were held for more than six months or at least a year. Otherwise, it is better to use a skills-based résumé if your employment history is sporadic and youve had many different jobs lasting less than a year. When your skills are the focus of your résumé, youll write it based on a certain line of work, such as customer service or production.Getting startedFor both traditional and skills-based résumés, start making a list of your employment history. This should be kept as a separate document to make writing other résumés easier and it should be updated when a new job or skill is added to your experience. What should be included in the employment history is the name of the company, address (at least the city and state), employment dates (at least the month and year for start and end date), the position held, and a list of four to six tasks completed at the job. If youre unsure of how to word the tasks, O*Net is a great resource t o look through tasks based on positions.Its also good to have the supervisors name, a phone number for the company, and even the supervisors email address or the name and email address of the HR rep. It makes it easier when completing applications and employment verification.Personal information sectionAlthough some résumé templates put the personal information on other parts of the page, most résumé templates place it front and center, at the very top of the paper. For this section, you need to start with your full, legal first and last name. This should be the most prominent portion of your résumé. You can bold it and increase the font size, but dont make it over 16-point font. (A word on fonts: Keep the fonts neutral in most cases. Use easy to read fonts like Times New Roman, Calibri, or Arial.)Under your name should be your address, including the city and state, in a smaller font (10 to 12-point). If youre looking for a job in a new city or state, use that location. Employ ers are more likely to contact you if your résumé and application information is listed in the city where the job is located. Finally, list your email and phone number next. They can be on the same line and have a symbol included before them.Example: ? email@email.com ? (555) 555-5555Keep in mind that your email should be professional (Stoner6969@email.com doesnt meet that criteria). The best way to make a professional email is a combination of your first and last name. If it needs numbers, keep them in an odd set like one or three. Two or four makes the employer think that is the year you were born and dates you in their mind. A good email is j.smith111@email.com or john.smith111@email.com.Your voicemail should be set up and professional, as well. Do not have a joke voicemail, swearing, or an automated voice stating the phone number. At the very least, state your first and last name.Summary statementIn the older days of résumé writing, this was called the objective statement. I t usually began something like this: Seeking job with advancement opportunities, or Looking for a job in customer service. Those are not used anymore and dont highlight what you offer the company.Instead, you want to stand out and hook the employer with a summary, which should be about two to four sentences long. In this summary, you want to state your occupation and the years of experience you have in it. Next, you want to state what you offer the company to which youre applying regarding verifiable skills and knowledge of the industry. If youve won awards that highlight your professionalism or knowledge, put those here to bring them to the forefront of your potential employers attention.Example:Customer Service Representative with 1+ years of high-volume call center experience. Skilled in navigating multiple windows, customer satisfaction, and relationship building with customers. Always met monthly sales goals and given an award for top customer service quality scores above 98%.E ducationWith education, it depends on what you want to emphasize. If you have a solid set of degrees and want them as the focus, then list them after your personal information. If you dont have higher education or your degrees are older and it would give away your age, then you can list them later in the résumé. If you dont have a diploma or GED, you can exclude this section. If youre listing a degree you are in the process of completing, only list it if you are within three months of completing the program.Experience/Work historyTraditional/Chronological résuméFor a traditional résumé, the jobs listed under your experience section should be targeted to the job for which you are applying. For example, if you are applying for a production job, you would list production-related jobs or jobs that prepared you for various soft skills like teamwork or customer service. If you are applying for IT jobs, you would list IT-related jobs. Otherwise, use a skills-based résumé.The typica l response with a résumé is to write long descriptions of your tasks from former/current jobs. That is not the best route. Employers spend about ten seconds skimming résumés. Make a bulleted list of about four to six tasks you performed in the job. With each related job, use new but related tasks to show that you know the field or job type. As I mentioned earlier, O*Net is helpful with this because they have lists of typical tasks related to your field.It is also good to list numbers if you can. This can be like sales jobs where you mention specific sales goals you met or passed, or call centers where youd list their quality scores. In production or other jobs, this might mean listing how long it takes you to pack a pallet, the number of pallets you pack in an hour, or your quality scores. In other jobs, you can list tasks like accounts managed, dollar amounts handled, employees managed, and so on. Adding in verifiable and specific numbers are something employers focus on and ca n see as potentially benefiting their company.Skills-based résuméIn a skills-based résumé, the focus is on the skills. A job history is listed, but in a different format and at the end of the section. The experience is split into targeted areas for the job for which youre applying. An example would be a customer service position at a call center. The first jobs you would list would be those related to Customer Service, along with a total of your years of experience. List specific skills/tasks that relate to your experience with customer service like a traditional résumé. You can then list other fields, but keep that section of your résumé targeted toward customer service.However, lets say you worked construction but are now applying for the call center. There are aspects of construction that relate to customer service. List tasks/skills such as effective communication with co-workers, following policies and instructions from your supervisor, and meeting deadlines and goals. Doing so allows you to use a job not directly related to the job you are applying for, while pointing out the skills and tasks from that experience that do transfer into the job you want.Additional skillsYou will likely want to focus on several major skills to list your experience under, but in both traditional and skills-based résumés, you can also include a section listing your hard and soft skills in table format (without additional information). Most people use skills like leadership or customer service as their primary skills, but you should also consider skills related to finding solutions to problems and organizing your workflow. There should be a mixture of skills included in this section. Try to find a list of skills online of soft skills and other skills needed for the work you seek and pick out about 10 total.Other sections to includeThe other sections you choose to include should be based on your experience. These could be volunteering, internships, publications, and s o on, based on your personal and career history.Make it a living documentRésumés are a lot of trial and error. If you send out your résumé and no one calls, then change it. Résumés are living documents, and everyone has an opinion of what a résumé should be. It should also be a document that is targeted to your personal experience and the job to which youre applying. What works for one position might not work for another. However, once you have the basic information, you can build on it (or take away from it) however you need.

The American Dream By James Truslow Adams - 1243 Words

Following the end of the Great War, America became a inward, highly materialistic society, focused on improving itself and remaining distant from foreign issues. In doing this, corruption and illegal practices became commonplace as men and women tried to make a name for themselves in this highly aristocratic America. This spike in questionable practices further withheld the American Dream from those wishing to achieve it the way it was intended, through hard work and perseverance. In 1931, James Truslow Adams defined the American Dream, â€Å"life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement†, regardless of one s class or circumstances of birth. More and more people were being denied the American Dream every, yet they still strived to make something of themselves and succeed in a world where everything was working against them. Fitzgerald s stance on the American Dream is that even though it has been killed by corruption, it still has strong control over people s wills. Fitzgerald supports his stance that the American Dream has been killed by corruption through Nick’s experience in the city. Even though Nick is moving to a city where the American Dream has been rendered unattainable due to rampant corruption, his actions are still strongly influenced by its idea. Moving into a small cottage in West Egg, new money surrounds him, and Nick soon plans to make some for himself, â€Å"I bought a dozen volumes onShow MoreRelatedThe American Dream By James Truslow Adams1130 Words   |  5 Pagesof the American Dream. The American Dream has changed dramatically over the few centuries. During the Founding Fathers’ time, many believed the American Dream meant freedom, equality, and mutual respect. Time has changed this ideology of the American Dream, which is now seen as owning a million dollar mansion with multiple luxury cars. This isn’t the case for many immigrants who c ome to the Americas to have a better life for themselves and their family. To many of them, the American Dream is as simpleRead MoreJames Truslow Adams : The American Dream1800 Words   |  8 PagesThe American Dream The American Dream was something everyone wanted to achieve in the 1930’s; however, many people did not get there because they either gave up, or did not find what they were looking for. Many people were just looking to get away and find their own happiness so they made their own American Dream. As historian James Adams said ... a dream of motor cars and high wages merely, but a dream of social order in which each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest statureRead MoreThe American Dream By James Truslow Adams Essay1886 Words   |  8 PagesJames Truslow Adams in 1931 coined the term â€Å"The American Dream† in his book The Epic of America (Michels, n.d., para. 1). He wrote of an America that offered freedom of religion, and speech, as well as political and social opportunities that few other countries offered. However, according to Eva Michels, â€Å"The American Dream† means something different for each individual, it refers to the way of li fe that Americans strive for and have equal rights to achieve regardless of social class or nationalityRead MoreThe American Dream By James Truslow Adams1707 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Dream, coined by James Truslow Adams in 1931, had been a popular term that had; given motivation to the dissatisfied, reduced the influence of race and one’s social position on achieving their goals, advertised America as a land that offered an abundant amount of possibilities that no other country could match, and unified the country under the same desire of wealth and prosperity, even in times of great despair. Adams had constructed the idea, â€Å"...that American dream of a better, richerRead MoreThe American Dream By James Truslow Adams803 Words   |  4 PagesThe term â€Å" The American Dream† can be coined to historian James Truslow Adams in the early 1930’s. Adams believed that the true commitment for the American society was based of material success that was o btained by individual competition of the citizens. Furthermore, stating that the American citizens had been conditioned to desire success, with an honest belief that it was possible for one to achieve it. This was possible because the very principles that American society represented, helped eachRead MoreThe American Dream By James Truslow Adams1500 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Dream is the sole reason that millions of people decided to come to this country, whether it be generations ago, or last week. But even so, this shared dream faces problems. To solve the problem, the American Dream has to be defined. James Truslow Adams, author of the 1931 book The Epic of America, was the first person to mention and therefore define the American Dream. He established it as: â€Å"[T]hat dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, withRead MoreJames Truslow Adams And The American Dream1392 Words   |  6 Pages While the idea of the American Dream became more popular during the 17th to 20th centuries, the achievability remained elusive due to a static and hierarchical social order that prevailed throughout this time. Thus, the tireless claims of the New Left for a reformed society are supported by the unchanging accessibility of the American Dream. In his book The Epic of America (1931), James Truslow Adams defined the American Dream as â€Å"that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer andRead MoreJames Truslow Adams And The American Dream1371 Words   |  6 Pagesand dreams. Although this is a simple concept, how one must work to achieve these goals is much more complicated. Everyone is born into a different situation and the opportunities they are exposed to differ depending on the person. The original idea of the â€Å"American Dream† supported the idea that all American citizens are able to obtain a better life than they are currently living; however, that idea is continuously changing and many interpret their own dream in different ways. James Truslow AdamsRead MoreThe American Dream By James Truslow Adams1406 Words   |  6 PagesThis so called, â€Å"American dream.† Is it still around, waiting to be achieved by those who work hard enough? Is it effectively dead, killed off by the Great Recession and the economic struggling that many Americans have come to face in this day and age? There are alarming instances and facts, including trillions of dollars lost in the stock market (Paradise, 2009). These losses combined with the unquestionably high unemployment in the past few years, have contributed to seemingly dismal prospectsRead MoreThe American Dream By James Truslow Adams1577 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Dream Lives On Since 1776, the â€Å"American Dream† has continued to evolve. Originally, our forefathers intended the American Dream to be a country where individuals were free from the tyranny of royalty and nobility, working as a part of a whole, making everyone comfortable and happy - all men created equal with equal opportunity. Over the years, this original intent has continued to change. In 1931, James Truslow Adams stated that the American Dream means that, â€Å"life should be better

Saint Louis University Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

Saint Louis University is a private Catholic research university with an acceptance rate of 58%. Founded in 1818, Saint Louis University has the distinction of being the oldest university west of the Mississippi, and the second oldest Jesuit university in the country. The campus is located in the arts district of Saint Louis, Missouri. SLU frequently appears on lists of the countrys best colleges, and it often ranks among the top five Jesuit universities in the U.S. The university has an impressive 9-to-1  student / faculty ratio. Professional programs such as business and nursing are particularly popular among undergraduates. In athletics, the Saint Louis Billikens compete in the NCAA Division I  Atlantic 10 Conference. Considering applying to Saint Louis University? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, Saint Louis University had an acceptance rate of 58%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 58 students were admitted, making Saint Louis Universitys admissions process competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 15,120 Percent Admitted 58% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 17% SAT Scores and Requirements Saint Louis University requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 32% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 590 680 Math 590 690 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of Saint Louis Universitys admitted students fall within the top 35% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to Saint Louis University scored between 590 and 680, while 25% scored below 590 and 25% scored above 680. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 590 and 690, while 25% scored below 590 and 25% scored above 690. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1370 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at Saint Louis University. Requirements Saint Louis University does not require the SAT writing section. Note that SLU does not superscore SAT results; your highest composite SAT score will be considered. ACT Scores and Requirements Saint Louis University requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 83% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 25 34 Math 24 29 Composite 25 31 This admissions data tells us that most of SLUs admitted students fall within the top 22% nationally on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to Saint Louis University received a composite ACT score between 25 and 31, while 25% scored above 31 and 25% scored below 25. Requirements Note that Saint Louis University does not superscore ACT results; your highest composite ACT score will be considered. SLU does not require the ACT writing section. GPA In 2018, the average high school GPA of Saint Louis Universitys incoming freshmen class was 3.91. This data suggests that most successful applicants to SLU have primarily A grades. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph Saint Louis University Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to Saint Louis University. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in  with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances Saint Louis University has a competitive admissions pool with above average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs. However, SLU also has a holistic admissions process involving other factors beyond your grades and test scores. A strong application essay and a rigorous course schedule can strengthen your application, as can participation in meaningful extracurricular activities. While not required, SLU strongly encourages applicants to submit a secondary school report, professional resume, and letters of recommendation. The university also recommends that applicants participate in an admissions interview. Students with particularly compelling stories or achievements can still receive serious consideration even if their grades and test scores are outside Saint Louis Universitys average range. In the graph above, the blue and green dots represent accepted students. Students who were admitted to Saint Louis University tend to have B averages or higher, SAT scores of 1050 or higher (ERWM), and ACT composite scores of 21 or higher. Your chances will be best with an ACT composite score of 25 or above. If You Like Saint Louis University, You May Also Like These Schools Loyola University ChicagoTruman State UniversityWashington University of Saint LouisUniversity of DaytonUniversity of ChicagoUniversity of Notre DameVanderbilt UniversityUniversity of IowaBradley UniversityUniversity of Illinois - Chicago All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and Saint Louis University Undergraduate Admissions Office. Saint Louis University Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA Saint Louis University is a private Catholic research university with an acceptance rate of 58%. Founded in 1818, Saint Louis University has the distinction of being the oldest university west of the Mississippi, and the second oldest Jesuit university in the country. The campus is located in the arts district of Saint Louis, Missouri. SLU frequently appears on lists of the countrys best colleges, and it often ranks among the top five Jesuit universities in the U.S. The university has an impressive 9-to-1  student / faculty ratio. Professional programs such as business and nursing are particularly popular among undergraduates. In athletics, the Saint Louis Billikens compete in the NCAA Division I  Atlantic 10 Conference. Considering applying to Saint Louis University? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, Saint Louis University had an acceptance rate of 58%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 58 students were admitted, making Saint Louis Universitys admissions process competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 15,120 Percent Admitted 58% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 17% SAT Scores and Requirements Saint Louis University requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 32% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 590 680 Math 590 690 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of Saint Louis Universitys admitted students fall within the top 35% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to Saint Louis University scored between 590 and 680, while 25% scored below 590 and 25% scored above 680. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 590 and 690, while 25% scored below 590 and 25% scored above 690. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1370 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at Saint Louis University. Requirements Saint Louis University does not require the SAT writing section. Note that SLU does not superscore SAT results; your highest composite SAT score will be considered. ACT Scores and Requirements Saint Louis University requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 83% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 25 34 Math 24 29 Composite 25 31 This admissions data tells us that most of SLUs admitted students fall within the top 22% nationally on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to Saint Louis University received a composite ACT score between 25 and 31, while 25% scored above 31 and 25% scored below 25. Requirements Note that Saint Louis University does not superscore ACT results; your highest composite ACT score will be considered. SLU does not require the ACT writing section. GPA In 2018, the average high school GPA of Saint Louis Universitys incoming freshmen class was 3.91. This data suggests that most successful applicants to SLU have primarily A grades. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph Saint Louis University Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to Saint Louis University. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in  with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances Saint Louis University has a competitive admissions pool with above average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs. However, SLU also has a holistic admissions process involving other factors beyond your grades and test scores. A strong application essay and a rigorous course schedule can strengthen your application, as can participation in meaningful extracurricular activities. While not required, SLU strongly encourages applicants to submit a secondary school report, professional resume, and letters of recommendation. The university also recommends that applicants participate in an admissions interview. Students with particularly compelling stories or achievements can still receive serious consideration even if their grades and test scores are outside Saint Louis Universitys average range. In the graph above, the blue and green dots represent accepted students. Students who were admitted to Saint Louis University tend to have B averages or higher, SAT scores of 1050 or higher (ERWM), and ACT composite scores of 21 or higher. Your chances will be best with an ACT composite score of 25 or above. If You Like Saint Louis University, You May Also Like These Schools Loyola University ChicagoTruman State UniversityWashington University of Saint LouisUniversity of DaytonUniversity of ChicagoUniversity of Notre DameVanderbilt UniversityUniversity of IowaBradley UniversityUniversity of Illinois - Chicago All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and Saint Louis University Undergraduate Admissions Office.

The Subtext in Animal Farm by George Orwell - 740 Words

Even though some people might take it offensive to compare such terrible historical events to an animal farm, I think this approach interests the reader and makes it more understandable and exciting. My position is that it is more effective to show George Orwells political views through an allegorical fable because this way the story seems less harsh, than if you were to read about what Stalin and Napoleon really did to the world in those weeks. In Animal Farm, George Orwell’s political views are shown in an entirely new light, as he explains the reader his opinions throughout an allegorical fable in a more settled way. Animal Farm is also categorized as a satirical novel, because it is taking a very brutal story about the hierarchy and fights between Stalin, Napoleon, Karl Marx and spread of communism, and then choose to make a theater of this with cute animals like pigs, dogs, cats, pigeons. That is shown with this quote: â€Å"†Why should we care what happens after we are dead?† or â€Å"If this Rebellion is to happen anyway, what difference does it make whether we work for it or not?† and the pigs had great difficulty in making them see that this was contrary to the spirit of Animalism† (16-17) The animals don’t get why they have to fight, but since their ‘masters’ say they have to do it they are left with no choice but doing it. By doing this he wasn’t name calling any of the powerful men, and he also let the reader do their own thinking, making their own

Impact of Technology on Marketing Research in Today’s Business

Question: Discuss about the Impact of Technology on Marketing Research in Todays Business. Answer: Introduction Technology has gone through a huge revolution in the past century. It has changed the way of life of the world. In every aspect of life, people use technology. The business world is no exception. In all the spheres of business, technology plays a major role. One such part of the businesses is the marketing. This is a crucial function of the businesses that deal with production and distribution of goods and services (Babin and Zikmund 2015).Marketing research refers to the studies that are done to find out innovative and improved ways for marketing. Marketing research is conducted to identify and solve the problems of marketing (Brown and Churchill 2014). The report focuses on the impact of technology on the marketing research in todays business. Impact of technology on 4Ps of Marketing In the competitive market for products and services, smarter and efficient ways of marketing is very essential. The revenue and profit of the manufacturing and service industry depends heavily on proper marketing. These days, all the companies are using latest technologies for marketing. Marketing research is done through Ad tracking, Brand awareness, Advertising research, brand name testing, distribution channel testing, customer satisfaction research, STP research, demand and sales forecasting, viral marketing through social media etc. (Armstrong et al. 2015). The different sections of marketing are discussed below. Product: With the emergence of internet, the availability of goods and services has changed. People now have access to international products anytime and from anywhere through the various shopping websites, such as Amazon, ebay, etc., official websites of the retailers and smartphone apps. Hence, the retailers are also putting advertisements for their products in these sites and apps to reach out to a bigger customer base. The data from these platforms is collected and analyzed using various statistical tools. Technology has made the trend analysis easier (Papadopoulos and Heslop 2014). Price: Technology has made the comparison of prices easier. As the online retailers can now make individual profiles of the customers and track the consumption pattern, they can easily analyze the trend of demand for the particular goods or service and can set the price accordingly. Thus, demand and sales forecasting have become easier with the help of technology. The convenience of online payment through cards and netbanking has also helped in increase in the sales of the consumer products (Blzquez 2014). Place: Marketing and sales of products are not confined to specific places anymore. Internet has enabled the retailers to access a much wider customer base across the world, which was not possible earlier. The online markets have become more unbiased as there are now smaller producers along with giants. Hence, technological advancement has been beneficial for both the buyers and sellers. Marketing research has shown that with the advancement of technology, the retail industry of the world has grown multiple times in a short span of time (Zikmund et al. 2013). Promotion: This is the most important part of marketing. A company can have a hue hike in sales if the promotional strategies are proper. The impact of technology is maximum in this area. Advertising offline and online, personal selling, direct marketing, public relation, etc are promotional channels. Technology has made promotional activities in these channels much easier. The retailers use websites, digital channels such as, television, radio, emails, text messages, telecalling, popup ads in the websites, online brochures etc. for promotions. Thus, on one hand, it is an objective of the marketing research to find out further innovative technical solutions for promotion, on the other hand, technology has made the research work easier (Malhotra, Birks and Wills 2013). Role of technology In todays world, marketing research is heavily dependent on technology. From data collection to prepare a report, technology is used everywhere. The marketing research is done by collecting the data from various digital channels used by the companies. The shopping behavior of the customers generates a pattern of demand. These data was collected and analyzed using various statistical tools by data analysis firms. Apart from data collection, coding, data entry, designing of questionnaire for survey, sampling, testing, experiments, comparisons and creating reports are all done by using software (Lin and Atkin 2014). Pros and cons of technology Various tools are available in the industry that makes that data analysis easier. Technology saves time and effort; however, the latest technology incurs a heavy cost. Many small firms cannot afford to have their own marketing research technology, and hence, they delegate the task to analysis firms. Lack of skilled people is another problem that the companies face. In many cases, the firms cannot own a new technology for research, and thus, the employees do not get necessary training to gain knowledge on it (Armstrong et al. 2015). Latest technologies in marketing The latest technologies that have become more prevalent in todays business are Customer Relationship Management systems (CRMs) and Social Media Marketing. Customer Relationship Management systems (CRMs) The CRMs use the technology for organizing, synchronizing and automating business practices. This helps in identifying and targeting potential customers and generating leads for the marketing team. These technologies monitor and analyze the responses, clicks, deals, leads, sales, revenue data, and various activities, such as, video download, ad watch etc., which is helpful in marketing research. The technologies track the pattern through free downloads, web presentations, online videos and customer comments and reviews. Hence, the technology analyses not only quantitative data, but also qualitative data through the comments and reviews of the customer (Khodakarami and Chan 2014). Social media marketing Social media marketing is the method of gaining the data through website traffic tracking. This involves the peer recommendation and building brand awareness. The technology helps to create a buzz around a product. Word of mouth is more effective in this type of marketing. Through the usage of technology, the retailers can analyze the data generated from web traffic, and this helps in marketing research to find out innovative ways for effective promotions (Tuten and Solomon 2014). Conclusion It can be concluded that, technology has evolved the marketing research techniques. The methods and solutions have become more efficient and time and effort saving. Although it is cost incurring, the impact of technology is always positive on the marketing research. It has not only improved the research methods, but also introduced advanced ways for marketing. References: Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. and Brennan, R., 2015.Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Babin, B.J. and Zikmund, W.G., 2015.Exploring marketing research. Cengage Learning. Blzquez, M., 2014. Fashion shopping in multichannel retail: The role of technology in enhancing the customer experience.International Journal of Electronic Commerce,18(4), pp.97-116. Brown, T.J. and Churchill, G.A., 2014.Basic marketing research: Customer insights and managerial action. Cengage learning. Khodakarami, F. and Chan, Y.E., 2014. Exploring the role of customer relationship management (CRM) systems in customer knowledge creation.Information Management,51(1), pp.27-42. Lin, C.A. and Atkin, D.J. eds., 2014.Communication technology and social change: Theory and implications. Routledge. Malhotra, N.K., Birks, D.F. and Wills, P., 2013.Essentials of marketing research. Pearson. Papadopoulos, N. and Heslop, L.A., 2014.Product-country images: Impact and role in international marketing. Routledge. Tuten, T.L. and Solomon, M.R., 2014.Social media marketing. Sage. Zikmund, W.G., Babin, B.J., Carr, J.C. and Griffin, M., 2013.Business research methods. Cengage Learning.

The papacy Essay Example For Students

The papacy Essay A lot happened with the papacy between the times of 500 and 1500 CE. It gained its significance as time went on, starting out as virtually nothing and ending upas a major power, ups and downs in between. These changes were due to both eventsand people, both outside and inside the Church. Essentially, it all began with Pope Leo the Great and the legacy that he leftbehind. This is where the popes prestige all began. Before him, the power wielded tothe pope was questionable and many times overlooked. But once he took on the title ofSupreme Pontiff, it was clear how things were to be. Another thing that was born by himwas the pope regulating ecumenical councils. Leo started this when it came time for theCouncil of Chalcedon. It was just another way he found to exercise his power as theultimate bishop, the bishop of Rome. Not only did he show that the pope was to be astrong religious leader, he proved that politics were important, too. He intervened inseveral attacks against Rome and ended up safeguarding the city through simplediscussions. Leo the Great set new standards for the bishop of Rome and left poeple toreally revere those who took on the role. We will write a custom essay on The papacy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now There were things that hindered the strength of the papacy, such as CaeseroPapism. Justinian was a prime example of this and as an emperor practicing it, he gavehimself rights and powers in the Church which were really not his to have. Heestablished things like the Justinian Code, which in some ways benefited the Church as awhole but at the same time, did not. It led to rampant persecutions of other religionswhich is anything but Christian like. Subjectively, it did help to strengthen the Church. Christianity was given opportunities it did not have before. It was given the ability to bethe dominant religion. However, it did give the emperor the opportunity to impede onthe powers of the papacy, leaving things open to trouble. By the end of the Sixth century, another strong pope came along. Gregory theGreat developed the papacy further in the aspects of service to his poeple. He wasknown for starting and running a monastery, as well as taking on the many duties ofbeing pope. He strengthened the papacy by staying true when the bishop ofConstantinople was being pushy and by challenging other leaders in the Church toremain strong and fight the heresies and schisms going on. Gregory also found power indealing with the Germanic tribes that were threatening the Eastern Empire, eventuallycoming to terms with them peacefully. Once again, showing the importance that thepope can have on the politics of the Empire. One of the highest points in the papacy was when it crossed paths withCharlemagne in the Eigth century. Through his father, Pepin, the Church received amass of land which was in and of itself a form of power for the papacy and the Church atthe time. This Donation of Pepin became what was called the Papal States and reallyadded to the prestige of the papacy. It gave power and status to the Church whopreviously didnt really have anywhere to call their own, per say, and land was truly animportant thing back at the time. Once Charlemagne came into power, the relationshipbetween the Church and the Emperor flourished, especially after he was crowned by thePope himself. This relationship had many advantages and further secured the Churchand papacy. It was the most obvious way for the Church to grow in power and it alsomeant that the Church would have more stability. Though at the same time, therelationship put the papacy in a place where it could be bought over and was in essence,at the mer cy of the Emperor by obligation. It was also hard because Charlemagne had abad case of Caesero Papism. He was all over the Churchs business. It also caused greatproblems between the East and West and led to a split established by Leo III. Regardless,the relationship was very important to the existence of the papacy and the stability itI think that this was the final installment of what would be needed for whatwould be considered the papacy. It had been a rocky road, but by the end ofCharlemagne, I think it the papacy was finally established. It had to a good foundationand a bright future, although not totally shielded from problems (i.e. anti-popes, variousforms of corruption, etc). It had secured its connections with the government andachieved its own identity to the poeple. Throughout the times, various popes had proventhe absolute importance of the papacy and it would be a major player in life from thereon out. Not to say that the Ninth century was the end of papal problems, by n o meanswas this true, but it was the end of the fundamental formation of the territory. Papacyhad, in fact, become an undeniable reality. .u650dc3d60c812103559833783f67b457 , .u650dc3d60c812103559833783f67b457 .postImageUrl , .u650dc3d60c812103559833783f67b457 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u650dc3d60c812103559833783f67b457 , .u650dc3d60c812103559833783f67b457:hover , .u650dc3d60c812103559833783f67b457:visited , .u650dc3d60c812103559833783f67b457:active { border:0!important; } .u650dc3d60c812103559833783f67b457 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u650dc3d60c812103559833783f67b457 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u650dc3d60c812103559833783f67b457:active , .u650dc3d60c812103559833783f67b457:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u650dc3d60c812103559833783f67b457 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u650dc3d60c812103559833783f67b457 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u650dc3d60c812103559833783f67b457 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u650dc3d60c812103559833783f67b457 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u650dc3d60c812103559833783f67b457:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u650dc3d60c812103559833783f67b457 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u650dc3d60c812103559833783f67b457 .u650dc3d60c812103559833783f67b457-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u650dc3d60c812103559833783f67b457:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Marijuana Persuasive EssayBibliography:

Black Woman In Advertising Essays - Advertising, Free Essays

Black Woman In Advertising Essays - Advertising, Free Essays Black Woman In Advertising In recent years black woman have made big strides in the area of advertising, but regardless of these efforts black woman all still shown as submissive or being dominated. Few women are shown as strong or self-sufficient. I believe a lot of black woman are made to deal with racism and the fact they don't look like a white woman on their job. I will try to show that although things may look like it is changing. The present is still closer to the past than we realize and there is much that is still the same. Past Black Woman In Advertising (verse one) In past advertisement, black woman have been depicted as big lip, fat, very dark, always willing to please. This physical appaerance was a tiypical sterotype held by many non-blacks American. In the nineteen century the view of black woman was always distorted. One place you can find a miss representation of a color woman is the film Driving Miss Dasey. Black woman in adds were always presented very asexual with a big stupid looking smile on they face. I often wonder how hard it had to be to go to work with a smile when you know that racisum and sexism is all around you. A prime example of what I have stated so far is the Aunt Jemima's adds off the late 1940's. Here was a black woman with her hear tied with a kerchief, big fat lips, very dark skin, and with a very big smile on her face. By the early 80's the features began to change, she became lighter and the smile became more realistic. I believe the only reason for these changes was the woman's movement of the late 60's early 70's and the civil rights movement of the 60's. Today's Black Woman in Advertising (same song different verse) Although much has change from the ads of pass black woman. Such things For example were the kerchief, dark skin, and lips. Women are still being portrayed as submissive or being dominated in ads. In a white dominated society, whiteness is what is beautiful. So black woman are socialized into thinking that they have to appear white, otherwise they are not beautiful (Hook, 1992). Black woman often have to learn to become less black and learn to talk and acted more white. This is way I believe so many black woman are trying to lighten they skin and change their physical features. There are few magazines were a realistic representation of black beauty can be found in a magazine. Two such magazines are Essence and Ebony. What I find ironic is that black women are being used in adds to get other black women to become blacker. In 1990, 44 million dollars was spend by black women trying to become more like the black women they saw in adds who looked white (Russell, Wilson, & Hall. 1992). Adds today also tend to show woman with long smooth hair which was associated with middle class, while short fizzle hair was associated with black woman that were less fortunate (Russell, Wilson, & Hall. 1992:83). I believe these ads are responsible for such products as Dark & Lovely. I can relate to you many more cases were black women, who in some way resemble a white women are used in advertising to get other black women to buy a certain product. I can do this but all you have to do is look all around you there are ads all over the place. Future Black Woman In Advertising (new song) In recent years black woman have made big strides in the area of advertising, but regardless of these efforts black woman all still shown as submissive or being dominated. Few women are shown as strong or self-sufficient. I believe a lot of black woman are made to deal with racism and the fact they don't look like a white woman on their job. I will try to show that although things may look like it is changing. The present is still closer to the past than we realize and there is much that is still the same. Past Black Woman In Advertising (verse one) In past advertisement, black woman have been depicted as big lip, fat, very dark, always willing to please. This physical appaerance was a tiypical sterotype held by many non-blacks American. In the nineteen century the view of black woman was always distorted. One place you can find a miss representation of a color woman is the film Driving Miss Dasey. Black woman in adds were always presented very asexual with a big stupid looking smile

Journal Entry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 9

Journal Entry - Essay Example This is an area where approximately five hundred Arapahoe and Cheyenne people encamped. The attack, which took place at down caught these communities by surprise and in an odd moment where most of the men were out hunting. However, the retaliation of the Cheyanne for this attack only furthered the aggression from the side of U.S troops. Unfortunately, since this was not an organized battle field but rather an attack, the casualties were the weak in the society and not the fighters. The attack claimed the lives of about a hundred and fifty Cheyennese and Arapahos. The majority were children, women and elderly people – who were not in a position to defend themselves. The most disturbing thing in this attack is that the Cheyenne chiefs, Black Kettle and White Antelope had attempted to establish a peace treaty. For this reason, they flew an American flag as an indication of friendliness. The attack and the atrocities that followed including mutilation of the dead bod ies by the Colorado troops was an illegitimate military operation. What angers me most in this event is that such atrocities could take place while the American flag and a white flag symbolizing peace were flying high. In addition, there were no charges against Chivington and his companions despite reliable eyewitness accounts from

The Merger of Granda and Compass Research Proposal

The Merger of Granda and Compass - Research Proposal Example The success/failure of the merger will be analysed according to the Economies of scale: "This refers to the fact that the combined company can often reduce duplicate departments or operations, lowering the costs of the company relative to theoretically the same revenue stream, thus increasing profit."2 Many authors have dealt with the issue of clarity and understandability of the topic of mergers. Most of the research studies are aimed at studying the factors, which motivate the management of the companies to undertake the decision of merger and the benefits or the losses The study of mergers and acquisitions focuses on understanding what motivates managers to engage in this type of activity and the impact that mergers and acquisitions have on shareholder returns. Mostly the main aim of the companies for mergers could be empire building through growth in size, sales, and assets. 3 Mostly the motivation for the merger involve the increase in the market gains, the competitive advantage in shape of technological advancement, and the increase in the strength of the companies. In some cases the HR practices also improves as the result of these mergers. Efficiency improvements can be gained from synergy of target and bidding firms due to economies of scale and use of excess capacity. Recent studies stated that value creation couldn't be achieved in case of horizontal merger. 4 5 6 The entity formed by the merger of Granada and Compass, "Granada Compass", was 66.25% owned by Granada shareholders and 33.75% by those of Compass. The merger proposal said that prior to the IPO, Granada Media was expected to be capitalised with no net debt. At the end of March 2000, Granada's net debt was 1.9bn and Compass's was 1.1bn. In a joint statement Granada and Compass said that they expect their combined businesses to be "better placed to exploit the significant growth opportunities in each of its core markets and to benefit from the combination of its complementary businesses." 7 On the other hand the horizontal merger of Bell south and AT&T is expected to provide both the companies with the following advantages. Cross selling: Through the merger the companies become enable to sell their products to the customers of the other company. The natural combination of two will improve the services provided to the customers. Financial Benefits: The merger of both the companies will lead to a "financial benefits for stockholders of both companies; an expected net present value of $18 billion in synergies resulting from a more than $2 billion annual run rate in synergies expected in 2008, growing to $3 billion in 2010." 8 On the other hand the expected merger will lead to "accrete AT&T adjusted earnings per share in 2008, double-digit adjusted EPS growth in each of next three years (earnings adjusted for merger integration costs and amortisation of intangibles) and significant growth in free cash flow after dividends in 2007 and 2008". 9 Geographical or other diversification: Another advantage

Particle agglutination test

Particle agglutination test The presence of an antigen or anti-bodies in a blood sample can be found out using either the Particle Agglutination Test (PAT) or by the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The PAT is performed using substances that will facilitate the process of agglutination. Agglutination is the clumping together of particles which forms non-dissolvable or what is called as insoluble aggregates. The common substances used in the PAT are latex particles, preserved blood cells from mammals or birds, colloidal particles, and gelatine beads. The different components used in the PAT are microscope slides or test cards and a solution that facilitates agglutination which is made up of molecules that are analyte-specific which is attached to a constituent part or particle. In a test using ELISA detects the presence of an antibody or antigen by affixing an undetermined amount of antigen to a test surface which in turn is washed by a specific antibody in order to attach it to the antigen. Because of this process the antibody becomes linked to an enzyme that will show a certain detectable signal after a substance is added to it during the final steps of the process. The signal emitted differs from what type of ELISA is used. For example a fluorescent ELISA a light of a correct wavelength that is shone on a sample will elicit a response from the antigen/antibody which will show incandescence. The antigens amount contained in the sample is then determined based on the intensity or magnitude of the samples incandescence. While the PAT relies on the clumping together of particles to show the presence of an antibody, the ELISA is a more complex test which can only be performed following very specific protocols or steps to perform. In ELISA an antigen with an undetermined amount is rendered immobile while place on a polystyrene microtiter plate or other substance that could provide a solid support and which does not interfere with the purity of the sample. The antigen is immobilized either by adsorption; the adhesion of molecules to a surface, or by capturing the particles of the antigen by another antibody that is particular to the same antigen. The process of adsorption is what is termed as non-specific immobilization while the capture of the antigen is what is termed as specific immobilization. After the immobilization of an antigen the next step is to add a detection antibody. The addition of this antibody results in the formation of a complex with the existing antigen. The detection antibody can either be linked directly to an enzyme, or it can be noticed by a secondary antibody that is connected to an enzyme by a process called bioconjugation this occurs when two biomolecules couple with each other in a chemical bonding wherein the two substances share pairs of electrons, or what is known as covalent bonding. In between each step of the process the plate used is washed in a solution of mild detergent so as to remove any antibodies or proteins that have not bonded specifically. After the plate undergoes its final wash it is then developed using an enzymatic substrate, which means the enzyme has a molecule which it acts on. This enzyme substrate when added will produce a noticeable signal indicating how much the quantity of an antigen is in a given sample. The PAT and ELISA are but two of the techniques used in laboratories in serology. Other techniques include gel diffusion tests, precipitation tests, agglutination tests to which PAT belongs, immunological tests with markers which ELISA is one of the tests, and lastly there is the immunosorbent electron microscopy. To further discuss the comparisons and contrasts of the ELISA and PAT let us discuss the general aspects of the two tests. As was mentioned above both ELISA and PAT are techniques used in serology to detect the presence of antibodies and antigens in a sample. However the two tests differ in the process or steps taken to obtain the same results. PAT is an agglutination test. This means that its primary method to determine the presence of antibodies is by inducing the clumping or joining together of molecules in the test sample by either by using substances that are inert which carry the antigens or antibodies, or by using polystyrene spheres infused with immunoglobulin molecules, or by observing the loss of activity of antigens or what is called as neutralization. What is observed by serologist when using PAT is the reaction called agglutination, which is a reaction that leads to the joining together or clumping of a specific antibody in a cell suspension as a reaction to a specific antigen. While in ELISA what is observed is not the reaction of an antibody to the antigen but the level of activity made by the substance or markers chemically bound together to the antigen and antibody which in turn indicates the antibody antigen reaction. The PAT test was one of the first serological methods that was developed and which helped pave the way for developing diagnostic techniques and countermeasures to diseases. One early agglutination test is the Widal agglutination. The Widal agglutination, which was named after Fernand Widal, aided in the diagnosis of typhoid fever by showing the presence of an antibody in a sample obtained from an infected patient, in reaction against the antigens of the Salmonella typhi. What the Widal test did was to increase the suspicion of infection because of the presence of agglutination caused by a rise in of antibodies during the period of infection. In the classic test for agglutination the process starts by placing a specimen in a microscope slide or a microtest plate well where the particles which act as carriers are added. This mixture is then stirred or disturbed and then it is given a few minutes to settle or is incubated. The results can be gleaned by observing agglutination as the carrier particles fuses or binds with the particular analytes contained in the sample. The results are seen visually by the naked eye or by using a microscope depending on the format of the test. Interpreting test results are relatively easy if the reactions are strong. But in cases where there is a weak or minor reactions interpretation is quite difficult and in most cases may depend upon the wealth of experience and practice one has. In microwell plate assays, the resulting patterns produced by the particles after it has settled need an educated interpretation before the result can be determined. The advantages of PAT are it is low cost, semi-quantitative tests results can be obtained, and test results are obtained in a relatively short span of time. The disadvantages are there is a need to be very careful in the interpretation of marginal results. There is also the disadvantage related to problems that may arise in relation to specificity because substances that may interfere in many assays. Unlike PAT, ELISA is a more reliable method which uses biochemicals to measure how much of a given substance in a biological liquid such as serum or urine mixes with another substance. This is done by means of the reaction that an antibody or antibodies has to its antigen which is a molecule that is identified by the immune system. The antigen always specifically binds itself to an antibody at the molecular level. Since ELISA can be used to test and identify the presence of an antigen or of an antibody in a sample, this method is a very useful tool to determine concentrations of serum antibodies such as when testing HIV and other viral diseases. ELISA is also helpful in determining potential allergens in food such as milk, eggs and nuts. ELISA is also used in toxicology as a presumptive screen that is used for particular classes of drugs. Since lab technicians, serologists, and other medical personnel conducting the PAT and ELISA tests are exposed to samples that might contain viral or bacterial strains, the need to ensure safety and also the purity of the samples through a high standard of quality necessitates developing certain protocols for laboratory work. Different hospitals and government departments dealing with lab samples have already developed their own manual or standards that must be observed while working with lab samples to ensure safety. The manual issued by the Industrial Accident Prevention Association identifies potential hazards inside the lab brought about by chemical and biological agents, physical agents, the equipment and apparatus, and doing work that results in non-ergonomic movement and postures. The manual also discusses the ways by which to control or lessen the danger posed by these hazards and what are the steps that should be taken to have a safe lab environment. The Mount Sinai Hospitals Microbiology Department also has its own guidelines and policies which specifically deal with laboratory safety. The manual discusses the safety policy of the hospital and what are the protocols to be observed. These protocols include dealing with visitors to the lab, what constitutes good lab practice, how to ensure biological safety, chemical safety, physical hazards, specimen hazards, and what control, emergency, and preventive measures should be followed to realize laboratory safety. These and other similar measures contained in other manuals may vary from lab to lab, but the essence remains the same; that is to promote safety and institute standards of work that ensures an accident and hazard free lab environment. REFERENCES: Adler M., Schulz S., and Spengler M., (n.d.). Cytokine Quantification in Drug Development: A comparison of sensitive immunoassay platforms. A case study conducted for Chimera-Biotech. Retrieved on March 29, 2010 from the World Wide Web: chimera-biotec.com/data/pdf/Cytokine_Quant_Comp_Final.pdf True K., (2004). Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for Detection of Renibacterium salmoninarum Antigen in Fish Tissue. (June 2004). NWFHS Laboratory Procedures Manual Second Edition. Chap.6 pp. 1-33. Retrieved on March 29, 2010 from the World Wide Web: www.fws.gov/canvfhc/WFSM/CHP6.pdf (N.d.). TECHNIQUES IN PLANT VIROLOGY CIP Training Manual 2.3 DETECTION/Serology. Retrieved on March 29, 2010 from the World Wide Web: www.cipotato.org/csd/materials/PVTechs/Fasc2.2.3(99).pdf Katti M., (1999). Ideal Carrier Particles for Agglutination Tests. (June 1999). JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Vol. 37, No. 6, p. 2120, 0095-1137/99/$04.0010. Retrieved on March 29, 2010 from the World Wide Web: jcm.asm.org/cgi/reprint/37/6/2120.pdf (2008). Laboratory Safety. Published by the Industrial Accident Prevention Association. Retrieved on March 29, 2010 from the World Wide Web: www.iapa.ca/pdf/labsafe.pdf

Art versus Pornography Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Art versus Pornography   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Her head rests on her left knee, with her hands clasped on her ankle.   Locks of hair are thrown about in an auburn blaze.   Her tight rosy lips are as red as her cheeks.   Her dark-blue eyes reveal a half-seductive, half-submissive look.   Her legs are in a subdued spread-eagle formation, leaving her crotch area quite visible.   Her white panties leave little to the imagination. The sexual overtones are more than just a coincidence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Suspend your imagination for a minute and ask yourself if the description formed in your mind a work of art or, instead, a photograph of softcore pornography, found in such magazines as Hustler or Playboy?   Where this description is taken from will be disclosed later, but let us concern ourselves with a problem that this... ...ed them.   A person at the time looking at his works would recognize them as prostitutes, a fact that is less distinct today.   His display of the "product" in some cases, could be seen as propaganda against prostitution.   Hence, he had an intellectual, not a pornographic intent.  Ã‚   This debate will continue, and perhaps no end may come of it until viewers have understanding of the artist's intent.

Review Questions for Business Management Essay

1) What is resource overallocation? Resource leveling is the project management function of resolving project resource over-allocation. By definition over-allocation means that a resource has been assigned more work than can be accomplished in the available time as dictated by the resource’s calendar definition. In most scenarios, over-allocations can be remedied manually by extending tasks or moving them to accommodate the resource’s availability 2) What is resource leveling? When performing project planning activities, the manager will attempt to schedule certain tasks simultaneously. When more resources such as machines or people are needed than are available, or perhaps a specific person is needed in both tasks, the tasks will have to be rescheduled concurrently or even sequentially to manage the constraint. Project planning resource leveling is the process of resolving these conflicts. It can also be used to balance the workload of primary resources over the course of the project[s], usually at the expense of one of the traditional triple constraints (time, cost, scope). 3) Under what circumstances would you want to manually resolve conflicts? You can resolve resource conflicts or overallocations by using the resource-leveling feature in Microsoft Office Project. Leveling works by splitting tasks or by adding delay to tasks until the resources that are assigned to those tasks are no longer overloaded. Because of these changes to the tasks, leveling can delay the finish date of some tasks and consequently also the project’s finish date. When it is leveling, Project does not change who is assigned to each task 4) What would be the caution of adding more resources to a task to resolve resource conflicts? As you assign resources to tasks, Project checks the resource’s calendar to make sure that the resource is working. However, Project doesn’t assess whether the resource is already obligated when you assign the resource to a new task; Project enables you to make the assignment. Be aware, though, that the additional assignment may lead to overallocating the resource. Overallocation occurs when you assign more work to a resource than the resource can accomplish in the time that you’ve allotted for the work to be completed. 5) What would be the caution of rescheduling a task to resolve a resource conflict? To get the best performance and results from resources (resources: The people, equipment, and material that are used to complete tasks in a project.), you must manage resource workloads to avoid overallocations (overallocation: The result of assigning more tasks to a resource than the resource can accomplish in the working time available.) and underallocations (underallocation: Assigning a resource to work fewer hours than the resource has available.). If you change resource assignments (assignment: A specific resource that is assigned to a particular task.), check the effects of your changes on the overall schedule (schedule: The timing and sequence of tasks within a project. A schedule consists mainly of tasks, task dependencies, durations, constraints, and time-oriented project information.) to make sure that the results meet your project goals.

Red’s Redemption- Shawshank Redemption - 1169 Words

The Shawshank Redemption follows the lives of Ellis â€Å"Red† Redding and Andy Dufresne and their twenty-year stint at the Shawshank State Penitentiary. Red (a guilty man) is serving a life sentence for murder, Andy (an innocent man) is serving consecutive life sentences for the murder of his wife and her lover. Throughout the film, Red and Andy form an unlikely friendship that transcends age, race, and class boundaries that ultimately leads to Red’s spiritual redemption and freedom. The film is set up for a classic white and black pairing with a â€Å"magical negro† narrative, however, The Shawshank Redemption subverts expectations. Red defies the cinema stereotype of the mystical black man or the â€Å"Magical Negro† because he is portrayed with dignity, because he is the main character and everyman, because he is not extraordinarily wise or supernatural (though he does give advice, it is not his only or main role in the text), and he survives the film having learned a lesson from a white character. This denunciation is significant because it is a rejection of common black/white race relation stereotypes, and because it is a landmark replacement of negative stereotypes with positive realisms in cinema. Celebrated director Spike Lee coined the term at a Yale conference during which he addressed race relations in modern film (Gonzales). This stereotype focuses on a character who the audience identifies as black. This (often supporting) character seems sensible and habituallyShow MoreRelatedSurvival Is The Key Struggle1295 Words   |  6 PagesSurvival is the key struggle in The Shawshank Redemption. This film takes place in the corrupt Shawshank State Penitentiary where mental and physical abuses inflicted upon prisoners are the hard realities of the system. For the prisoners of Shawshank, life is often bleak and violent. However, the will to survive is what keeps the characters motivated to retain their humanity and challenge the institutionalization of Shawshank. In particular, the film’s main protagonists, Andy Dufresne and Ellis â€Å"Red†Read MoreAnalysis Of The Shawshank Redemption By Frank Darabont1116 Words   |  5 PagesEvaluative Analysis: The Shawshank R edemption When it comes to movies, I am not exactly what you could consider well-versed. Had it not been for several close friends of mine, I would have never even seen blockbuster hits such as Harry Potter, The Lord of the Rings, or Back to the Future. The reason for this is not because I dislike watching movies, but rather due to the restrictive nature of my parents. Thus, I have not had the privilege to enjoy The Shawshank Redemption, Frank Darabont’s 1994 adaptationRead MoreAnalyzing the Shawshank Redemption3132 Words   |  13 PagesAnalyzing Shawshank Redemption Crystal Gayle Frapp January 31, 2014 Analyzing Shawshank Redemption The film that will be analyzed and discussed is the Shawshank Redemption, which was Director by Frank Darabont and is a Story by Stephen King. It is based in 1946, a man named Andy Dufresne (Tim Robbins) is convicted of killing his wife and her lover, and him going to prison and dealing with the struggles of prison life as a truly innocent man. . â€Å"Hes sentenced to a life term at the Shawshank StateRead MorePortryal of Andy as a Symbol of Hope in Shawshank Redemption Essay1268 Words   |  6 PagesIn 1994, Frank Darabont’s film ‘The Shawshank Redemption’ received a poor reception when released; it only made a $0.3m profit. More recently the film has become known as one of the greatest movies of all time, it has inspired hope in many people, helping them to lose weight, leave abusive marriages and such like. The film is based mainly upon two convicts, and the idea of hope. Andy Dufresne is a ‘Hot Shot Banker’ imprisoned with two life sentences, f or the suspected murder of his wife and her loverRead MoreShaw Shank Redemption1162 Words   |  5 PagesA Critique of the Shaw shank Redemption Evil spreads around the world. It makes people do bad things to each other so it creates dangerous environment. Therefore people makes place which is called prison to punish these bad people. The persons who live in prison are called inmates. Most of inmates who are dangerous and guilty spend many years in prison because of crimes they did in the past. In the USA, there are many prisons because it has hugs population. In this paper, it will be mentioned ShwshankRead MoreTrue Redemption: The Shawshank Redemption Essay2742 Words   |  11 PagesDid you ever sit down and think to yourself: What movie should I watch? The answer is The Shawshank Redemption. The story was written by Stephen King, and then Frank Darabont wrote the screenplay and directed the movie. The legendary Morgan Freeman plays Red, and Tim Robbins plays Andy Dufresne. They did an amazing job playing the role that they were supposed to. In this movie, you will be able to see how much of an impact one person can make. How one person showed an inmate that no one should letRead More Analysis of Shawshank Redemption Essay1719 Words   |  7 Pages The movie of the Shawshank Redemption is based on a short story by Steven King. The movie shows how prison life affects prisoners during their sentence in jail and after when they are released. The director concentrates mostly on the personal cost of adapting to prison life and how some convicts, once they conform, lose the ability to survive beyond the barbed wire and iron bars. As a character puts it, ‘These [prison] walls are funny. First you hate them, then you getRead MoreEssay on The Shawshank Redemption928 Words   |  4 PagesThe Shawshank Redemption The Shawshank Redemption is a movie about time, patience and loyalty, which is about how two men serving life sentences in prison become friends and find a way to fight off despair. The scene I am studying is the one when Andy escapes from the Shawshank prison. The main actors in this film are Tom Robbins as Andy Dufresne, Morgan Freeman as Red and Bob Gunton as Warden Norton. Settings are an important factor in a scene. The settingRead MoreThe Shawshank Redemption Is A Prison Drama1038 Words   |  5 PagesThe Shawshank Redemption is a prison drama that has many intriguing aspects. From the fascinating character of Andy Dufresne to the sympathy of the viewer for the inmates, Frank Darabont, the director of the film, draws in all types of people. He does the job of entertaining his audience while teaching a main lesson throughout the film. Now each viewer will have his or her own opinion on what the main lesson may be, but hope is the most significant quality of the movie. It is important that FrankRead MoreThe Shawshank Redemption By Frank Darabont Essay868 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscusses â€Å"The Shawshank Redemption,† a 1994 American movie written and directed by Frank Darabont, and starring Tim Robbins and Morgan Freeman. The movie was chosen because it tells that vision, strong values and obligation are key factors of personal and organiza tional success. The movie tells the story of Andy is a successful banker whose life changes radically when he is sentenced and punished to life custody for the murder of his wife and her lover. Indeed, The Shawshank Redemption inspects a chain

The Wade-Davis Bill and Reconstruction

At the end of the American Civil War, Abraham Lincoln wanted to bring the Confederate states back into the Union as amicably as possible. In fact, he did not even officially recognize them as having seceded from the Union. According to his Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction, any Confederate would be pardoned if they swore allegiance to the Constitution and the union except for high-ranking civil and military leaders or those who committed war crimes. In addition, after 10 percent of voters in a Confederate state took the oath and agreed to abolish slavery, the state could elect new congressional representatives and they would be recognized as legitimate. Wade-Davis Bill Opposes Lincolns Plan The Wade-Davis Bill was the Radical Republicans answer to Lincolns Reconstruction plan. It was written by Senator Benjamin Wade and Representative Henry Winter Davis. They felt that Lincolns plan was not strict enough against those who seceded from the Union. In fact, the intention of the Wade-Davis Bill was more to punish than to bring the states back into the fold.   The key provisions of the Wade-Davis Bill were the following:   Lincoln would be required to appoint a provisional governor for each state. This governor would be responsible for implementing measures set out by Congress to reconstruct and state government.  Fifty-percent of the states voters would be required to swear loyalty to the Constitution and the Union before they could even begin creating a new Constitution through the state Constitutional Convention. Only then would they be able to begin the process to be officially be readmitted to the Union.  While Lincoln believed that only the military and civilian officials of the Confederacy should not be pardoned, the Wade-Davis Bill stated that not only those officials but also anyone who has voluntarily borne arms against the United States should be denied the right to vote in any election.  Slavery would be abolished and methods would be created to protect the liberty of freedmen.   Lincolns Pocket Veto The Wade-Davis Bill easily passed both houses of Congress in 1864. It was sent to Lincoln for his signature on July 4, 1864. He chose to use a pocket veto with the bill. In effect, the Constitution gives the president 10 days to review a measure passed by Congress. If they have not signed the bill after this time, it becomes law without his signature. However, if Congress adjourns during the 10-day period, the bill does not become law. Because of the fact that Congress had adjourned, Lincolns pocket veto effectively killed the bill. This infuriated Congress. For his part, President Lincoln stated that he would allow the Southern states to pick which plan they wanted to use as they rejoined the Union. Obviously, his plan was much more forgiving and widely supported.  Both Senator Davis and Representative Wade issued a statement in the New York Tribune in August 1864 that accused Lincoln of attempting to secure his future by ensuring that southern voters and electors would support him. In addition, they stated that his use of the pocket veto was akin to take away the power that should rightfully belong to Congress. This letter is now known as the Wade-Davis Manifesto.   Radical Republicans Win in the End Sadly, despite Lincolns victory, he would not live long enough to see Reconstruction proceed in the Southern states. Andrew Johnson would take over after Lincolns assassination. He felt that the South needed to be punished more than Lincolns plan would allow. He appointed provisional governors and offered amnesty to those who took an oath of allegiance. He stated that states had to abolish slavery and acknowledge seceding was wrong. However, many Southern States ignored his requests. The Radical Republicans were finally able to get traction and passed a number of amendments and laws to protect the newly freed slaves and force the Southern states to comply with necessary changes.

The Culture of Food in America Essay - 2672 Words

The Culture of Food in America ANT 101 Abstract Food is an essential part of any culture and it serves to show the diversity and unique aspects of different cultural beliefs. In the United States, there are people from diverse cultural groups and many different cultures. These groups possess unique culinary cultures, which add to diversity. This paper explores the different cultural groups present in the United States and their traditional foods. These cultures enable us to understand the concept of cultural diversity. The paper also explores divergence towards the â€Å"fast food† culture and its effects of the health of Americans. Two journal articles are used to further†¦show more content†¦Different cultures of Hispanic origin consume different types of beans with Southern Mexicans, Cubans, Venezuelans, and Central Americans using black beans while Puerto Ricans, Dominicans, and Northern Mexicans use pinta beans or pinto. Hispanic Caribbean, Central, and South Americans prefer red kidney beans, whil e Brazilians and Venezuelans use garbanzo or chickpeas (Devine et. al., 2002). Native Americans Native Americans consume traditional American dishes such as crab cakes, beef barbecue, pizza, and slow cooked pork. However, these diets emerged after being introduced by Europeans (Wellman Friedberg, 2002). Before they came into contact with Europeans, they ate Indian corn, squash, pumpkins, wild rice, sweet potatoes, peppers, tomatoes, papayas, avocadoes, and peanuts (Wellman Friedberg, 2002). General Eating Habits of the American Population Although the American population has different culinary tastes, there is a convergence towards the culture of fast foods at present in the U.S. Many Americans have adopted an eating culture that involves consumption of fast foods in large quantities. This has been seen as the American dietary culture and has been embraced by most cultural groups. For instance, $6 billion was spent on fast foods in 1970, but this figure increased to $110 billion by 2000 (Wellman Friedberg, 2002). Most of these fast foods are junk foods and they include pizza, french fries, candy, hamburgers, hot dogs andShow MoreRelatedFood Culture Between Vietnam and America729 Words   |  3 PagesFinal Draft Food Culture in Vietnam and America When we discuss about the differences between Vietnamese and America culture, we can think of many things such as History, Style of Music, Arts, Religion, Language, etc. And, I will tell you some differences and similarities in eating culture of the two countries. Even though they both have things in common such as family’s dinner, tea and coffee for morning, three meals a day or small snacks between main meals. But, the food cultures of two countriesRead MoreEssay on The Fast Food Culture is Detroying America4188 Words   |  17 Pages The typical American diet, with its emphasis on fast food and frozen food, is a consumption pattern reflective of, and symptomatic of, our production patterns -- what kind of jobs we find ourselves going to day-in and day-out, and the way these jobs encourage us to see the world we live in. If people are more apt to think of themselves as consumers rather than producers, if gratification is associated with consumption rather than working, doing, and making, we have only to bear in mind that thisRead MoreAmeric The Country With A Blended Culture1320 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica: The Country with a â€Å"Blended† Culture People are judge-mental about everything these days; they tend not to let anything pass them by because they feel as if they will miss something important that is going on around them. Someone may not call this being judge-mental, but rather observing and analyzing. Anyone can interpret this how they want, the bottom line is people are paying attention to the way others around them dress, act, eat, speak, worship and how they live their daily lives overallRead MoreThe Culture Of The United States997 Words   |  4 Pagesdominant culture in a society is seen in a group of members that are the majority or has more power over other culture groups. American culture dominances is seen through their values. America is materialized culture; their culture is seen through the value American dream, style, food and political values. The diffusion of cultural dominance in America has been causing negative effect for other cultures. The dominant culture in America has been increasing and influe ncing other cultures ever sinceRead MoreAnalysis Of The Omnivore s Dilemma Calls The American National Eating Disorder1301 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican food culture is not like other countries in the world; the diversity in foods and ethnicity creates its uniqueness. However, Americans mindset of â€Å"what should we have for dinner† and the poor decision making about food choices created the â€Å"omnivore’s dilemma† or what Pollan, in The Omnivore’s Dilemma calls the American national eating disorder. Pollan explored more about the food that Americans consume in â€Å"an investigation of food called the industrial food chain†(Pollan, Omnivore 110).Read MoreAmeric A Unique Combination Of Many Cultures Essay1671 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica is a unique combination of many cultures. We are a very diverse nation and we represent many different countries throughout our culture. America allows different beliefs and cultures to represent the diversit y that this country has. Some people see diversity as an asset, while others see it as a downfall. We have many different religions in the country, which occasionally causes problems. Different races and views of races also cause problems, and is a current major issue in America. ChinaRead MoreAmerica Is Considered The Melting Pot Of The World. This1342 Words   |  6 Pages America is considered the melting pot of the world. This diverse nation is filled with many different ethnicities, cultures, and people with different backgrounds. It is for that exact reason why one is able to find just about every type of food, no matter what culture, in America. Interviewing two immigrants has allowed me to grasp the fact that these different cultures is what makes the United States of America so great! I first started off by interviewing my girlfriend, Amanda, who is an immigrantRead MoreFood Is A Way Of Life975 Words   |  4 PagesFood has essentially become a way of life in our world. People identify by what kind of food they grew up eating. People from the south feel that barbecue food is a way of life, while people in Italy can’t live without pasta. We can learn a lot about where are ancestors are from when we look at what kind of food we eat, but we can also see the change that the culture we live in has put upon us. Since America is this beautiful melting pot of many different cultures we can see the blended in all ofRead MoreMy Experience On American Life892 Words   |  4 Pagesa wonderful thing that makes people know about other people who from different cultures. People interested to know other people who are not from their culture, so they stare learn their language. After that, they get a lot of different information about their culture and people can communication with different people. I interested to know about American life because when I was young, I watched movies about this culture and community, so I saw how they life is. Because that I want to know if it trueRead MoreAmericanization of Foods: Food is traditionally considered as a simple means of subsistence but1400 Words   |  6 PagesAmericanization of Foods: Food is traditionally considered as a simple means of subsistence but has developed to become filled with cultural, psychological, religious, and emotional significance. Consequently, food is currently used as a means of defining shared identities and symbolizes religious and group customs. In the early 17th and 18th centuries, this mere means of subsistence was considered as a class maker but developed to become a symbol of national identity in the 19th centuries. In

Business Macroeconomics Neoclassical Theory

Question: Describe about the Business Macroeconomics for Neoclassical Theory. Answer: Introduction The paper intends to discuss the limitations and strengths of neoclassical theory on the one hand and assesses the managerial theories contribution to the firms behavior and performance understanding on the other hand. The paper comprise two parts with the first part delving into a deeper understanding of how neoclassical theory of the firm has helped economist understand how it enhances the behavior of the firm. Both limitation and strengths of the neoclassical theory are discussed and a decision is made on how such a theory is helpful in comprehending the behavior and the firm and its performance. In the second part, a detailed discussion is provided that illustrates a deeper assessment of the contribution of the managerial theories in understanding both performance and behavior of a firm. Part two are gives a detailed explanation of the possible ways that can be employed to test the hypothesis of sales revenue as assumed by Baumol. A: Strengths and Limitation of Neoclassical Theory The neoclassical perspective of the firm remains predominant despite the numerous building blocks put forward by various scholars for a new approach. Neoclassical assumed that a firm enjoys perfect information alongside certainty regarding the outcomes of the environment. It also assumes that a firm suffers no control and adaptability problems (Rosenzweig 2010). The neoclassical theory also believed that a firm maximizes profit and faces no dysfunctional allocation of resources problems. The theory further assumed that the strategies as well as performance of the firm are predictable and that the firm manufactures as well as assembled components that are tangible. It also posit that the firm subsequently sells the outputs produced in the final product market (Mabry and Siders 2013). The neoclassical theorys assumption given for a simple reason as well as manageable treatment of the firm that can be incorporated into neoclassical price theory. However, this was never an effective abst raction of the internal organization of the firm (Knight, Loayza. and Villanueva 2013). Accordingly, the model use by neoclassical theory did not acknowledge the heterogeneity, performance as well a strategic behavior (Ferguson 2008). The neoclassical perspective, however, was effective in addressing the firm as its basic unit as well as predicted the behavior of the firm based on pricing, output as well as allocation of resources decisions as its objective. Even though the theory was successful in these two elements, it terribly failed to take the firm as an explicit emphasis on the real process of making decision in the organization as the firms basic research commitment. Strengths Discussions pertaining to theories of the firm have to begin with the neoclassical theory perspective hence theory is tagged the staple diet of contemporary economists. Despite being formulated a hundred years ago, the neoclassical theory is still pre-dominant in the contemporary textbooks. The theory rationally perceives a firm as a set of feasible plans of production with the manager presiding over this production set as he buys and sells inputs and outputs within a spot market as well as selecting the plan which optimizes the welfare of the owner of the firm (Jensen and Meckling 2012). In neoclassical theory, the profit denotes the welfare and hence in case of uncertain profit so that profit-optimizing is not definite, the anticipated net present value of the upcoming profit or by the market value. The neoclassical theory of the firm is, therefore, the caricature of the contemporary firm even though rigorous it remains rudimentary. The theory has a lasting survival which can be explained using three different reasons. The neoclassical has lent itself to the elegant as well as general formulation of mathematics. It has also remained useful in the analysis of how production choices of the firm respond to the external fluctuations in the environment including for instance, how a rise in a wage and tax sales will be tackled. Neoclassical theory is also useful in the analysis of the implications of strategic interaction between firms operating under the imperfect competition. For instance, the theory is helpful in understanding the connection between the levels of concentration in a given industry as well as the levels of output and price of the industry. Neoclassical theory has some value in understanding the behavior of the firm. The profit satisficing may be surpassed via share deals as well as performance-oriented pay. Accordingly, neoclassical theory remains useful since it indicates how as well as why firm need to ensure that the workers have adequate incentives for maximization of the profit like owners. One could argue that in case a firm is pursuing other objectives, in the back of their minds, profit maximization is alive. For example, a firm can involve in a price war for market share maximization (Sobel 2008). Nevertheless, the reason for such engagement could be that the firm expects that such an increase in market share in the long run would allow higher monopoly power and hence a high profit in the future. The same can be argued of an environmental objective where neoclassical theory hold that there would be a long run profitability resulting from a better corporate image. Limitation The neoclassical theory of the firm has clearly manifested limitations. The theory does not explicate the organization of production within the firm. It also has a limitation since it is silent on how conflicts of interest between the various aspect of the firm such as managers, consumers, owners and workers are engaged or how the profit maximization goal is attained. Neoclassical theory begs the question of determines or defines a particular firm as well as what determines the boundary of the firm (Rumelt 2008). The theory is also silent on the issue of individual size of the firm and extent. In this regard, the neoclassical theory fails to explicate the consequences of two firms agreeing to merge or one firm deciding to split itself into two or multiple smaller entities (Hart 2012). The theory uses the rudimentary approach to describe the functionality or operation of the firm. Surprisingly, neoclassical theory offers little contribution to any meaningful image of the structure of such firms described rudimentarily. The neoclassical hold that firms seek to maximize profits which is not a true assumption. It has been proven that firms always seek for maximization of the size of the firm as well as market share than profit. There is also the problem of a principle agent when it comes to profit satisficing. The owners of the firm can wish for maximization of the profits. However, the worker do not wish for profit maximization. Accordingly, the employees will put concerted effort to keep the owners happy, however, they will pursue other objective like enjoying themselves at work (Grant 2012). Such a problem is called the problem of separation of control and ownership. Other objectives including cultural, environmental as well as social objectives will be pursued by a firm rather than profit maximization. The neoclassical did not acknowledge human as not merely profit maximizers but still consider additional non-financial objectives. B: Assessment of Managerial Theories Contribution to Firms Conduct and Performance Understanding Various managerial theories have helped understand the behavior and performance of the firm. The three known managerial theories include Baumols Model of sales revenue maximization, the Williamsons Theory of Managerial Discretion as well as Marris theory of managerial enterprise. According to Baumol, the maximization of the revenue arising from sales is the primary objective of the firm and the alternative objective to neoclassicals profit maximization. Baumols theory, therefore, contributes to the understanding of firms conduct and performance by holding that managers solely make sure acceptable profit levels but pursues an objective that enhance their individual utility (Baumol et al. 2012). According to Baumol, the hypothesis is rational since there is a distinction between ownership and management in the contemporary world. Managers presently have authority and powers that help them pursue individual goals instead of the owners goals. Accordingly, managers only make sure a minimum acceptable profit levels for shareholders satisfaction but pursue an objective that facilitate individual utility. Baumol hold that managers attempt to pursue sales maximization because incomes of top executives remain closely linked to sales than profits (Hayashi 2010). Managers also do this to impress banks and financial institutions as they perceive the amount of sales as good performance indicators. Managers are motivated to maximize sales since large as well as continuing sales facilitate their prestige thus guaranteeing regular dividends distribution. Baumol assumes that firms will solely try the revenue maximization instead of physical sales volume as decision making of a firm remains restricted to one period. Marris acknowledges the structural separation of management and ownership thus allowing managers to formulate certain goals that need not to conform to owners or shareholders goals. The utility function of managers include market share, capital size, public image, output size and profits. Managers also incorporate other ideas including salaries security of jobs and status and power. Whereas the shareholders wish to maximize their utility, manager always try to maximize individual utility (Ding, Akoorie and Pavlovich 2009). These utilities may not necessarily clash as various variables of both utilities show firm connection with only one variable (size of the firm). The owners are interested in the firms growth and hence push for supply of capital growth assumed to maximize utility of the owners (Diamond 2011). Managers, conversely, advocate firms growth rate and not absolute firms size with a strong belief that demand for commodities growth indicates firms growth. Marris has, therefo re, significantly contributed by incorporating financial policies into the process of making decision by corporate firms (List 2004). The theory suggest that there is a possibility of finding solutions that maximize utility of both owners and managers. It explains why owners are ready to sacrifice certain levels of profit because they prefer rate of growths maximization. Williamsons discretion theory anchors the view that contemporary business firm managers structured as corporate unit maximize individual utility by using discretion. The managers try to make sure of minimum profits to owners to guarantee job security in the form of dividends. The managers view profit a constraint to their discretion. The utility of the manager's anchors variables including job security, prestige, job satisfaction, power, salary as well as professional excellence. Since the only salary is quantifiable, Williamson utilizes such measurable variables as a discretionary investment, staff spending as well as managerial emoluments in the utility function based on the assumption that such variables remain their source of security of the job as well as manifestations of status, professional excellence, power, as well as prestige. Possible Ways of Testing Baumol Sales Revenue Hypothesis Baumol rejects the assumption that the primary objective of leaders of a huge corporation is to maximize profits but rather that the predominating goal is to maximize revenue. Baumol, therefore, holds that increased sales will always be pursued by these leaders even at the expense of reduced profits in both long- and short-run. As reflected in his model, the total sales are perceived as a function of prices and output in the short run as well as advertising in the long-run. Baumol holds that output will be enlarged as prices decline past the maximum profits point in the long-run up to a point in which revenue is maximized with a particular demand curve. He further holds that, in the case of a persistent rise in total revenue, the said changes in prices and output will continue until a point where the constraints of profit are at their minimum ((Alchian, and Demsetz 2012)). For Baumols hypothesis to hold water or show empirical significance then it has to be discovered in the objectiv e behavior of a large firm manifested by a marked tendency to enlarge sales in the absence of the growing profits. Surprisingly, Baumol Model displays a contrary link between profits and sales at various levels of the advertising outlays as depicted in the derived comparative static model by Sandmeyer. Conclusion The paper has presented a detailed discussion of the neoclassical theory of the firm and three managerial theories. It is clear that neoclassical is still dominating as a theory of the firm based on its lasting strengths that have been extensively discussed. However, certain weakness of neoclassical theories was identified and discussed at length. It is clear from the discussion that neoclassical theory is helping in understanding the behavior of the firm. Similarly. Williamson, Baumol as well as Marris Managerial theories have been alongside individual theorys contribution to both conduct and performance of a firm. References Alchian, A.A. and Demsetz, H., 2012. Production, information costs, and economic organization. The American economic review, 62(5), pp.777-795. Baumol, W.J., Panzar, J.C., Willig, R.D., Bailey, E.E., Fischer, D. and Fischer, D., 2012. Contestable markets and the theory of industry structure. Diamond, P.A., 2011. National debt in a neoclassical growth model. The American Economic Review, 55(5), pp.1126-1150. Ding, Q., Akoorie, M.E. and Pavlovich, K., 2009. A critical review of three theoretical approaches on knowledge transfer in cooperative alliances. International Journal of Business and Management, 4(1), p.47. Ferguson, C.E., 2008. The neoclassical theory of production and distribution. Cambridge Books. Grant, R.M., 2012. Toward a knowledge?based theory of the firm. Strategic management journal, 17(S2), pp.109-122. Hart, O., 2012. An Economist's Perspective on the Theory of the Firm. Columbia Law Review, 89(7), pp.1757-1774. Hayashi, F., 2010. Tobin's marginal q and average q: A neoclassical interpretation. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, pp.213-224. Jensen, M.C. and Meckling, W.H., 2012. Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of financial economics, 3(4), pp.305-360. Knight, M., Loayza, N. and Villanueva, D., 2013. Testing the neoclassical theory of economic growth: a panel data approach. Staff papers, 40(3), pp.512-541. List, J.A., 2004. 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